Civil Service Exam General Information: Philippine
Constitution
1. Q. What are included in the
national territory of the Philippines?
A. The following are included in the national territory of the Philippines:
1) all the islands and waters embraced in the Philippine archipelago;
2) all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction; and
3) all the waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the Philippine
archipelago.
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2. Q. What are included in the
internal waters of the Philippines?
A. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the
archipelago are included in the internal waters of the Philippines.
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3. Q. What kind of state is the
Philippines?
A. The Philippines is a democratic and republican state.
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4. Q. Where does sovereignty
reside in, and where does government authority emanate from?
A. The people.
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5. Q. Which authority is supreme
over the military at all times?
A. Civilian authority.
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6. Q. Who protects the
sovereignty of the Philippines and the integrity of its national territory?
A. The Armed Forces of the Philippines.
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7. Q. What is the basic
autonomous social institution protected and strengthened by the State?
A. The family.
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8. Q. From what period does the
state protect the life of an unborn child?
A. From conception.
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9. Q. Which constitutional right
guarantees that a person cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property
arbitrarily?
A. Right to due process.
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10. Q. Which constitutional right
protects a person against illegal search of his person, house, paper, and
effects?
A. Right against unreasonable searches and seizure.
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11. Q. Who may issue a search
warrant or a warrant of arrest?
A. A judge.
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12. Q. When may a search warrant
or warrant of arrest be issued?
A. Upon a finding of probable cause.
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13. Q. What happens to evidence
obtained in violation of a person’s right to privacy of communication and
correspondence?
A. The evidence may not be used against the person in any proceeding.
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14. Q. Which constitutional right
guarantees similar treatment of all persons?
A. Right to equal protection of the laws.
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15. Q. What needs to be paid in
order to allow the taking of private property for a public purpose by the
government?
A. Just compensation.
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16. Q. What kinds of information
are the people entitled to know?
A. The people have the right to information on matters of public concern.
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17. Q. What are the grounds for
impairing the right to travel?
A. National security, public safety, and public health.
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18. Q. Which constitutional right
prohibits a person from being compelled to be a witness against himself?
A. Right against self-incrimination.
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19. Q. Which constitutional right
prohibits a person from being punished twice for the same offense?
A. Right against double jeopardy.
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20. Q. Who are citizens of the
Philippines?
A. The following are citizens of the Philippines:
1) those who are citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution;
2) those whose fathers or mothers are Filipino citizens;
3) those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elected
Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
3) those who are naturalized by law.
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21. Q. What are the
qualifications of a voter who is in the Philippines?
A. The qualifications of a voter are:
1) must be a Filipino citizen;
2) must not be disqualified by law;
3) must be at least 18 years old;
4) must have resided in the Philippines for at least 1 year prior to the
election;
5) must have resided in the place where they intend to vote for at least 6
months prior to the election.
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22. Q. Where is legislative
power vested in?
A. Congress.
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23. Q. What are the 2 Houses of
Congress?
A. Senate and House of Representatives.
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24. Q. How many senators are
elected to the Senate?
A. 24.
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25. Q. What are the
qualifications of a senator?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be a natural-born Filipino citizen;
2) must be at least 35 years old on the day of the election;
3) must be able to read and write;
4) must be a registered voter; and
5) must be a Philippine resident for at least 2 years immediately
preceding the day of the election.
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26. Q. How long is the term of
office of a senator?
A. 6 years.
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27. Q. How many consecutive terms
may a senator serve?
A. 2 consecutive terms.
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28. Q.How many percent shall the
party-list representatives constitute in the House of Representatives?
A. The House of Representatives shall have no more than 250 members. 20%
of the total number of all representatives shall be party-list representatives.
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29. Q. What are the
qualifications of a member of the House of Representatives?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be a natural-born Filipino citizen;
2) must be at least 25 years old on the day of the election;
3) must be able to read and write;
4) must be a registered voter in the district in which he is to be elected
(this requirement does not apply to a party-list representative); and
5) must be a resident for at least 1 year in the district in which he is to be
elected prior to the day of the election (this requirement does not apply to a
party-list representative).
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30. Q. How long is the term of
office of a member of the House of Representatives?
A. 3 years.
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31. Q. How many consecutive terms
may a member of the House of Representatives serve?
A. 3 consecutive terms.
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32. Q. Who is the leader of the
Senate?
A. Senate President.
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33. Q.Who is the leader of the
House of Representatives?
A. House Speaker.
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34. Q Who is the sole judge of
all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of senators?
A. Senate Electoral Tribunal.
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35. Q. Who is the sole judge of
all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the
members of the House of Representatives?
A. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.
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36. Q. What are the privileges
enjoyed by the members of Congress?
A. The privileges enjoyed by the members of Congress are:
1) privilege of speech and debate (cannot be questioned or held liable for
speech or debate in Congress or in any of its committees); and
2) privilege from arrest (cannot be arrested while Congress is in session for
offenses punishable by not more than 6 years imprisonment).
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37. Q. How does a bill become a
law?
A. A bill becomes a law by undergoing the following process:
1) Before a bill becomes a law, it must first be submitted to the President.
2) If the President approves the bill, then he will sign it.
3) If the President does not approve the bill, then he will veto the same and
return it with his objections to the House where it originated.
4) Congress may override the presidential veto if 2/3 of both houses, voting
separately, approve the enactment of the bill.
5) If the President fails to inform the originating house of his veto of a bill
within 30 days from receipt, then the bill will become a law as if it was
signed by the President.
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38. Q. Who has the sole power to
declare the existence of a state of war?
A. Congress. The vote of 2/3 of both Houses of Congress, in
joint session but voting separately, is needed to declare the existence of a
state of war.
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39. Q. How many votes by the
members of Congress are needed to pass a law granting a tax exemption?
A. Majority of all the members of Congress.
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40. Q. What is the term used for
the power of the people to directly propose and enact laws?
A. Initiative.
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41. Q. What is the term used for
the power of the people to approve or reject laws?
A. Referendum.
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42. Q. Where is the executive
power vested in?
A. President of the Philippines.
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43. Q. What are the
qualifications of the President and Vice President of the Philippines?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens;
2) must be registered voters;
3) must be able to read and write;
4) must be at least 40 years old on the day of the election; and
5) must be Philippine residents for at least 10 years prior to the election.
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44. Q. How long is the term of
office of the President and Vice President?
A. 6 years.
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45. Q. May the President run for
re-election?
A. The President is not eligible to run for any re-election. A person who has
succeeded and served as President for more than 4 years is not qualified for
election to the same office at any time.
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46. Q. How many successive
terms may the Vice President serve?
A. 2 terms.
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47. Q. Who canvasses the votes
for the President and Vice President?
A. Congress.
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48. Q. In case the 2 presidential
candidates with the highest number of votes received exactly the same number of
votes, how will the winner be decided?
A. By the vote of the majority of the members of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, voting separately.
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49. Q. Who shall be the sole
judge of all contests involving the election, returns, and qualifications of
the President and Vice President?
A. Supreme Court en banc.
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50. Q. Who will serve as acting
president if the president and vice president were both not chosen, not
qualified, died, or become permanently disabled?
A. The Senate President, and if he is unable, the Speaker of the House of
Representatives.
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51. Q. May the President or
Acting President extend permanent appointments to executive positions two
months prior to the next election?
A. No. Two months prior to the next election and until the end of his term, the
President may only extend temporary appointments to executive positions
when continued vacancies will prejudice public service or public safety.
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52. Q. Who has control over all
executive departments, bureaus, and offices?
A. President.
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53. Q. Who is the
commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines?
A. President.
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54. Q. What is the procedure for
the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus and/or the
proclamation of martial law?
A. The procedure is as follows:
1) In case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires, the
President may suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the
Philippines or any part thereof under martial law for a maximum period of 60
days.
2) Within 48 hours from the said act, the President shall submit a report to
Congress.
3) Congress, by at least a majority vote of all members voting jointly, may
revoke the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or the
proclamation of martial law.
4) If Congress makes a revocation, the same cannot be set aside by the
President.
5) Congress may extend the period of suspension or proclamation upon the
initiative of the President.
6) Upon the filing of the proceeding by any citizen, the Supreme Court may
review the sufficiency of the factual basis for the suspension or proclamation,
and must issue a decision within 30 days from the said filing.
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55. Q. Where is judicial power
vested in?
A. In one Supreme Court and in lower courts established by law.
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56. Q. What is judicial power?
A. It is the duty of the courts to settle actual controversies involving
legally demandable and enforceable rights, and to determine whether or not
there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of
jurisdiction on any governmental branch or instrumentality.
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57. Q. How many justices are
there in the Supreme Court?
A. 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices.
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58. Q.Who exercises
administrative supervision over the courts and its personnel?
A. Supreme Court.
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59. Q. What are the
qualifications of a justice of the Supreme Court?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be a natural-born Filipino citizen;
2) must be at least 40 years old;
3) must have been a judge or engaged in the practice of law in the
Philippines for at least 15 years; and
4) must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and
independence.
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60. Q. Which body is tasked with
recommending appointees to the judiciary?
A. Judicial and Bar Council.
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61. Q. Who appoints the Supreme
Court justices and the judges of the lower courts?
A. The President, from a list of at least 3 nominees for each vacancy by the
Judicial and Bar Council. The appointment does not require confirmation.
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62. Q. What is the age of
retirement for justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the lower courts?
A. 70 years old or until they become incapacitated to discharge their official
duties.
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63. Q. Who has the power to
discipline and/or order the dismissal of the judges of the lower courts?
A. Supreme Court en banc. A majority vote of the members who took part and
voted in the deliberations is required to order a dismissal.
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64. Q. What are the 3 independent
Constitutional Commissions:
A. The 3 Constitutional Commissions are: Civil Service Commission,
Commission on Elections, and Commission on Audit. These are independent and
enjoy fiscal autonomy.
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65. Q. What is the central
personnel agency of the government?
A. Civil Service Commission.
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66. Q. What is the composition of
the Civil Service Commission?
A. Chairman and 2 Commissioners.
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67. Q. What are the
qualifications of the Chairman and Commissioners of the Civil Service
Commission?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens;
2) at least 35 years old at the time of appointment;
3) with proven capacity for public administration; and
4) must not have been candidates in the immediately preceding election.
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68. Q. Who appoints the Chairman
and Commissioners of the Civil Service Commission?
A. The President, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments.
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69. Q. How long is the term of
office of the Chairman and Commissioners of the Civil Service Commission?
A. 7 years without reappointment.
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70. Q. What are included in the
civil service?
A. The civil service includes all branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities,
and agencies of the government. It also includes government-owned or controlled
corporations with original charters.
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71. Q. How are appointments in
the civil service made?
A. The appointments are made based on merit and fitness, through a competitive
examination, except for the following positions:
1) policy determining;
2) primarily confidential; and
3) highly technical.
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72. Q. Which constitutional body
is tasked to enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative to the
conduct of an election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and recall?
A. Commission on Elections.
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73. Q. What is the composition of
the Commission on Elections?
A. Chairman and 6 Commissioners.
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74. Q. What are the
qualifications of the Chairman and Commissioners of the Commission on
Elections?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens;
2) at least 35 years old at the time of appointment;
3) must be college graduates;
4) must not have been candidates in the immediately preceding election; and
5) majority must be members of the Philippine bar engaged in the practice of
law for at least 10 years.
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75. Q. Who appoints the Chairman and
Commissioners of the Commission on Elections?
A. The President, with the consent of the Commission on
Appointments.
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76. Q. How long is the term of
office of the Chairman and Commissioners of the Commission on Elections?
A. 7 years without reappointment.
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77. Q. When is the election
period?
A. The election period starts 90 days before and ends 30 days after the day of
the election (unless otherwise fixed by COMELEC in special cases).
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78. Q. Which constitutional body
has the power to examine, audit, and settle all accounts pertaining to the
funds and properties of the government?
A. Commission on Audit.
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79. Q. What is the composition of
the Commission on Audit?
A. Chairman and 2 Commissioners.
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80. Q. What are the
qualifications of the Chairman and Commissioners of the Commission on Audit?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens;
2) must be at least 35 years old at the time of appointment;
3) must be certified public accountants with at least 10 years of auditing
experience or members of the Philippine bar engaged in the practice of law for
at least 10 years;
4) must not have been candidates in the immediately preceding election; and
5) members must not all belong to the same profession.
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81. Q. Who appoints the Chairman
and Commissioners of the Commission on Audit?
A. The President, with the consent of the Commission on
Appointments.
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82. Q. How long is the term
of office of the Chairman and Commissioners of the Commission on Audit?
A. 7 years without reappointment.
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83. Q. What are the territorial
and political subdivisions of the Philippines?
A. The territorial and political subdivisions are: provinces, cities,
municipalities, and barangays.
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84. Q. Where are the autonomous
regions in the Philippines?
A. The autonomous regions are in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras.
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85. Q. Who exercises general
supervision over the local governments and the autonomous regions?
A. President.
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86. Q. What are some of the
characteristics of local government units?
A. Some of the important characteristics are:
1)The local government units have the power to create own sources of
revenues and the power to levy taxes, fees, and charges in accordance with law.
2) The local government units have a just share in the national taxes which
shall be automatically released to them in accordance with law.
3) The local government units have an equitable share in the proceeds of the
utilization and development of national wealth in their areas, in accordance
with law, which shall be shared with the inhabitants through direct
benefits.
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87. What is the term of office of
an elective local official?
A. 3 years (except for barangay officials).
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88. Q. How many consecutive terms
may an elective local official serve?
A. 3 consecutive terms.
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89. Q. Who may be removed from
office by impeachment?
A. The following officers may be removed by impeachment:
1) President;
2) Vice President;
3) Justices of the Supreme Court;
4) Members of the Constitutional Commissions; and
5) Ombudsman.
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90. Q. What are the grounds for
impeachment?
A. The grounds are:
1) culpable violation of the Constitution;
2) treason;
3) bribery;
4) graft and corruption;
5) other high crimes; and
6) betrayal of public trust.
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91. Q. Who has the exclusive
power to initiate cases of impeachment?
A. House of Representatives.
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92. Q. What is the anti-graft
court?
A. Sandiganbayan.
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93. Q. Who has the power to
investigate the acts and omissions of public officials, employees,
offices, and agencies?
A. Office of the Ombudsman.
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94. Q. What is the composition of
the Office of the Ombudsman?
A. Ombudsman (also known as Tanodbayan), 1 Overall Deputy, and at least
1 Deputy for Luzon, 1 for Visayas, and 1 for Mindanao.
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95. Q. Who appoints the Ombudsman
and his Deputies?
A. The President, from a list of nominees for each vacancy by the Judicial
and Bar Council. The appointment does not require confirmation.
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96. Q. What is the term of office
of the Ombudsman and his Deputies?
A. 7 years without reappointment.
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97. Q. Who owns the lands of the
public domain and natural resources?
A. The State.
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98. Q. What are the
classifications of the lands of the public domain?
A. The classifications are:
1) agricultural;
2) forest or timber;
3) mineral lands; and
4) national parks.
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99. Q. Who may be granted a franchise,
certificate, or authorization to operate a public utility, and for how long?
A. Filipino citizens, or corporations or associations organized under
Philippine laws with at least 60% of capital owned by Filipino citizens. The
franchise, certificate, or authorization shall not be exclusive and shall not
be longer than 50 years.
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100. Q. Which constitutional body
is tasked to investigate human rights violations?
A. Commission on Human Rights.
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101. Q. What is the composition
of the Commission on Human Rights?
A. Chairman and 4 Members.
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102. Q. What are the
qualifications of the Chairman and Members of the Commission on Human Rights?
A. The qualifications are:
1) must be natural-born Filipino citizens; and
2) majority of the members must be members of the Philippine bar.
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103. Q. What is the national
language of the Philippines?
A. Filipino.
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104. Q. What are the
official languages of the Philippines?
A. Filipino and English.
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105. Q. What is an inviolable
institution which is the foundation of the family and is protected by the
state?
A. Marriage.
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106. Q. May the State be sued
without its consent?
A. No.
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107. Q. How long is the tour of
duty of the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces?
A. The tour of duty cannot exceed 3 years. It may be extended by the President
in times of war or national emergency.
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108. Q. What are the
characteristics of the police force?
A. The Philippines has one police force which is national in scope, civilian in
character, and administered and controlled by a national police
commission.
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109. Q. Who may own and manage
mass media?
A. Filipino citizens, or corporations, cooperatives, or associations
wholly-owned and managed by Filipino citizens may own and manage mass media.
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110. Q. Who may engage in the
advertising industry?
A. Filipino citizens, or corporations, or associations at least 70% of the
capital of which is owned by Filipino citizens may engage in the
advertising industry.
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111. Q. Who may
propose amendments and revisions to the Constitution?
A. The amendments or revisions may be proposed:
1) By Congress, upon 3/4 vote of all members;
2) By a constitutional convention; and
3) By the people, through initiative (upon petition by at least 12% of the
total number of registered voters, with at least 3% of the registered voters of
every legislative district being represented).
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112. Q. How is a constitutional
convention called?
A. A constitutional convention may be called:
1) By the vote of 2/3 of all the members of Congress;
2) By a majority vote of the members of Congress, the question of calling a
convention may be submitted to the electorate.
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113. Q. How is an amendment
or revision to the Constitution ratified?
A. It is ratified by a majority of votes cast in a
plebiscite.
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Civil Service Exam General Information: Code of Conduct and
Ethical Standards
114. Q. What arises when a public
official is a board member, officer, or substantial stockholder of a private
corporation, or owner, or has a substantial interest in a business, and the
interest of such corporation or business, or his rights or duties therein, may
be opposed or affected by the faithful performance of his official duty?
A. Conflict of interest.
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115. Q. What is the term used for
the transfer of title or disposal of interest in property by voluntarily, completely,
and actually depriving oneself of his right or title in favor of a person other
than his spouse and relatives?
A. Divestment.
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116. Q. What are the norms of
conduct which must be observed by public officials and employees in the
performance of their official duties?
A. The norms of conduct are:
1) commitment to public interest;
2) professionalism;
3) justness and sincerity;
4) political neutrality;
5) responsiveness to the public;
6) nationalism and patriotism;
7) commitment to democracy;
8) simple living.
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117. Q. Which norm of conduct
requires public officials and employees to uphold public interest over and
above private interest?
A. Commitment to public interest.
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118. Q. Which norm of conduct
requires public officials and employees to perform and discharge duties with
the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence, and skill, and
to enter public service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty?
A. Professionalism.
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119. Q. Which norm of conduct
requires public officials and employees to remain true to the people, to be
just and sincere, to not discriminate, to respect others, and to not extend
undue favors to relatives?
A. Justness and sincerity.
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120. Q. Which norm of conduct
requires public officials and employees to provide service to everyone without
unfair discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or preference?
A. Political neutrality.
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121. Q. Which norm of conduct
requires public officials and employees to extend prompt, courteous, and
adequate service to the public?
A. Responsiveness to the public.
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122. Q. Which norm of conduct
requires public officials and employees to be loyal to the Republic and to the
Filipino people, to promote the use of local goods, and to maintain and defend
Philippine sovereignty against foreign intrusion?
A. Nationalism and patriotism.
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123. Q. Which norm of conduct
requires public officials and employees to commit themselves to a democratic
way of life and values, to maintain public accountability, and to manifest by
deeds the supremacy of civilian over military authority?
A. Commitment to democracy.
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124. Q. Which norm of conduct
requires public officials and employees to lead modest lives, and to not
indulge in extravagant and ostentatious display of wealth?
A. Simple living.
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125. Q. What are the duties of
public officials and employees?
A. The duties are:
1) To act promptly on letters and requests (reply within 15 working days from
receipt);
2) To submit annual performance reports (within 45 working days from the end of
the year);
3) To process documents and papers expeditiously (within a reasonable time from
preparation and must contain not more than 3 signatories, as far as
practicable);
4) To act immediately on the public’s personal transactions; and
5) To make documents accessible to the public (available for inspection within
reasonable working hours).
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126. Q. Who may sign documents
and papers in the absence of duly authorized signatories?
A. The official next-in-rank or the officer in charge shall sign for and on
behalf of the duly authorized signatories.
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127. Q. What are the prohibited
acts and transactions for public officials and employees?
A. The prohibited acts and transactions are:
1) Having a financial or material interest in a transaction requiring approval
of their office;
2) Having outside employment and other related activities such as:
a) owning, controlling, managing, or accepting an employment unless expressly
allowed by law;
b) engaging in the private practice of profession unless authorized by the
Constitution or by law, and provided that such practice will not conflict or
tend to conflict with official functions;
c) recommending a person to any position in a private enterprise which has a
regular or pending official transaction with their office;
Note: The above prohibitions apply for 1 year after separation
from public office. In the private practice of profession, the person cannot
practice his profession in connection with any matter before the office he used
to be with for the same 1 year period.
3) Disclosing and/or misusing confidential information; and
4) Soliciting or accepting gifts.
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128. Q. What is considered “a
gift” under R.A. 6713, and how is “receiving a gift” defined by the said law?
A. “A gift”:
1) may be a thing or a right to dispose of gratuitously;
2) may be any act or liberality;
3) made by one person in favor of another who accepts it;
4) includes a simulated sale or an ostensibly onerous disposition.
“Receiving a gift” includes:
1) accepting a gift, directly or indirectly;
2) from a person other than a family member or relative (within the 4th degree
of consanguinity or affinity);
3) even on the occasion of a family celebration or festivity;
4) if the value of the gift is neither nominal nor insignificant;
5) or if the gift is given in anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor.
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129. Q. What is not considered “a
gift” under R.A. 6713?
A. It does not include:
1) an unsolicited gift;
2) of nominal or insignificant value; and
3) not given in anticipation of, or in exchange for a favor from a public
official or employee.
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130. Q. May public officials and
employees receive gifts or grants from foreign governments?
A. Yes. The Congress consents to:
1) gift of nominal value tendered and received as a souvenir or mark of
courtesy;
2) gift in the nature of scholarship, fellowship grant, or medical treatment;
and
3) travel grants or expenses for travel entirely out of the Philippines of more
than nominal value if acceptance is appropriate or consistent with the
country’s interest and permitted by the head of office, branch, or agency to
which the public official or employee belongs.
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131. Q. What are the required
statements and disclosures from a public official or employee?
A. The required statements and disclosures are:
1) declaration under oath of assets, liabilities, and net worth;
2) disclosure of financial and business interests;
3) of the public official or employee and of the spouse and of unmarried
children under 18 years old living in the household.
Identification and disclosure of relatives in government must
also be made.
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132. Q. Who are not required to
file the above statements and disclosures?
A. Public officials and employees who serve in an honorary capacity, laborers,
casual or temporary workers are not required to file the above statements and
disclosures.
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133. Q. When must the said statements
and disclosures be filed?
A. The statements and disclosures must be filed:
1) within 30 days after assumption of office;
2) on or before April 30 of every year; and
3) within 30 days after separation from service.
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134. Q. How can a public official
or employee avoid conflict of interest?
A. By resigning from his position in a private business within 30 days from
assumption of office and/or by divesting himself of his shareholdings or
interest within 60 days from such assumption.
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